The World Financial Institution warned on Tuesday that the hope of avoiding a recession is fading for both large and small countries around the world. 

“Recession will be difficult to avoid for many countries,” said the bank’s chairman, David Malpass. 

The grinding conflict in Ukraine, ongoing supply chain chokepoints, Covid-related lockdowns in China, and dizzying rises in energy and food prices are battering economies all along the earnings ladder, saddling them with slower progress and surging inflation. 

International growth is expected to slow to 2.9 percent this year, down from 5.7 percent in 2021.

In 2023, development is expected to remain subdued. According to the report, development in the 2020s is expected to be lower than in the previous decade. 

Except for a few oil-exporting countries like Saudi Arabia, which benefit from prices above $100 per barrel, almost every country on the planet has seen its prospects dim. 

Progress in the world’s most advanced economies, such as the United States and Europe, is expected to slow to 2.5 percent this year. China’s growth rate is expected to fall to 4.3 percent in 2021, down from 8.1 percent in 2021. 

Russia’s economy is expected to contract by 8.9 percent, a significant decrease but still less than predicted by other forecasters.

Developing countries will suffer the most severe setbacks, as the effects of the pandemic and the Ukraine conflict continue to reverberate. The poorest countries will become poorer. 

According to the report, per capita earnings in developing economies will fall 5% below where they were before the pandemic hit. At the same time, government debt loads are increasing, a burden that may become heavier as interest rates rise. Approximately 75 million more people will face extreme poverty than were predicted prior to the pandemic. 

In some ways, the financial risks resemble those faced in the 1970s, when spiralling oil shocks followed by rising interest rates induced a paralysing stagflation, according to the bank.

This confluence of events precipitated a series of economic crises that shook developing countries, resulting in what was dubbed a “misplaced decade” of growth. 

The bank, which provides financial assistance to low- and middle-income countries, reiterated its standard set of remedies, which include limiting government spending, using interest rates to dampen inflation, and avoiding trade restrictions and subsidies. It also stated that government spending should prioritise the protection of the most vulnerable people.

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